Now that we have some background with nouns and adjectives, we can move to verbs. They are pretty easy, just follow the logic of the endings of the verb to translate it. Look at page 54, the shaded blocks give us the forms for regular verbs and one irregular verb. In all languages, the verb 'to be' is irregular since it is used the most frequently. Any word or verb used with high frequency becomes irregular over time and is called idiomatic. Look at this lesson for the present tense in Latin:
Let's move to an exercise on this to learn the points:
verbs.
The personal endings, as you can see, control the sentence. One great think about Latin is that it will use these same endings in all verb tenses except one and even then it uses some of the endings. So learning this first set, sets you for the others! Try this exercise for more personal endings:
personal endngs
One more grammar point: the vocative case. This is found on page 56, it's the 'calling' case used mostly with names. The video below explains its operation for English and the Latin is simple: the vocative is the same as the nominative case with two exceptions. With masculine names, or nouns, the nouns ending with -us has an '-e' and if the noun ends with '-ius' then the vocative is 'i'. Or see this list:
1st Declension 2nd Declension 3rd Declension
Sing. puella serve, puer, ager pater
Pl. puellae servi, pueri, agri patres
Hint: the vocative is usually separated in a sentence with commas as in:
'Boys, what are you doing?' 'Where are you, Cornelia?'
Boys and Cornelia are the vocatives in English and Latin.
Watch this video to learn the English better.
verbs.
The personal endings, as you can see, control the sentence. One great think about Latin is that it will use these same endings in all verb tenses except one and even then it uses some of the endings. So learning this first set, sets you for the others! Try this exercise for more personal endings:
personal endngs
One more grammar point: the vocative case. This is found on page 56, it's the 'calling' case used mostly with names. The video below explains its operation for English and the Latin is simple: the vocative is the same as the nominative case with two exceptions. With masculine names, or nouns, the nouns ending with -us has an '-e' and if the noun ends with '-ius' then the vocative is 'i'. Or see this list:
1st Declension 2nd Declension 3rd Declension
Sing. puella serve, puer, ager pater
Pl. puellae servi, pueri, agri patres
Hint: the vocative is usually separated in a sentence with commas as in:
'Boys, what are you doing?' 'Where are you, Cornelia?'
Boys and Cornelia are the vocatives in English and Latin.
Watch this video to learn the English better.
Try this exercise on the vocatives and you will have it down very well:
vocatives.
Let's move to vocabulary, there are not many words in this lesson so it will go quick. Look on page 53 and think about the derivatives too. When ready do this practice to learn them:
vocabulary 1
vocabulary 2
It's time now to do a word study. Every word has a history and some histories are more interesting than others. This amusing video will give you the idea of how it got started and where we are. You only need to watch about five minutes to learn what we need.
vocatives.
Let's move to vocabulary, there are not many words in this lesson so it will go quick. Look on page 53 and think about the derivatives too. When ready do this practice to learn them:
vocabulary 1
vocabulary 2
It's time now to do a word study. Every word has a history and some histories are more interesting than others. This amusing video will give you the idea of how it got started and where we are. You only need to watch about five minutes to learn what we need.
Read the 'Word Study' section pn page 57 reviewing the Latin Bases into English Verbs and you will see some specifics of Latin in English.
Culture. The ancient world was male dominated; although, women did have rights in Roman society. She could divorce her husband on her own if she wished. Powerful women did develop in that society. To understand one level of Roman law, read about Patria Potestas, on page 59. Then answer these culture questions:
culture
This video will give you a pretty detailed idea of how sophisticated Roman government was, in an amusing way. It moves quickly with a lot of detail. You can appreciate the checks and balances this type of government created with its levels of divided authority that helped it survive over 700 years.
Culture. The ancient world was male dominated; although, women did have rights in Roman society. She could divorce her husband on her own if she wished. Powerful women did develop in that society. To understand one level of Roman law, read about Patria Potestas, on page 59. Then answer these culture questions:
culture
This video will give you a pretty detailed idea of how sophisticated Roman government was, in an amusing way. It moves quickly with a lot of detail. You can appreciate the checks and balances this type of government created with its levels of divided authority that helped it survive over 700 years.
We are at the translation point. Look at the picture on page 52. Can you tell who the slaves are? Why? Now translate the story of page 53 into your notebooks. Number the sentences. Also, answer the first four questions of Exercise 8a, page 53. Remember, answer in Latin.
Pen/paper exercise
Chapter 8 Verb Practice
Translate the following verbs:
1. parant
2. vult
3. surgo
4. laboratis
5. est
6. es
7. sumus
8. portas
9. video
10. terret
11. arripio
12. ridetis
13. paras
14. timemus
15. scribo
16. I rouse
17. we enter
18. we are
19. you (s) get up
20. he leads
Part 2
Tell person, number, and translate:
intramus
excitat
induis
laboro
sedemus
surgitis
est
sumus
es
descendunt
vexas
agit
conspicit
sedetis
paramus
currunt
clamo
consulis
excitant
induo
Now go back and add the Latin pronoun for each of the same verbs. ego, nos, tu, vos, is, ei
Translate the following verbs:
1. parant
2. vult
3. surgo
4. laboratis
5. est
6. es
7. sumus
8. portas
9. video
10. terret
11. arripio
12. ridetis
13. paras
14. timemus
15. scribo
16. I rouse
17. we enter
18. we are
19. you (s) get up
20. he leads
Part 2
Tell person, number, and translate:
intramus
excitat
induis
laboro
sedemus
surgitis
est
sumus
es
descendunt
vexas
agit
conspicit
sedetis
paramus
currunt
clamo
consulis
excitant
induo
Now go back and add the Latin pronoun for each of the same verbs. ego, nos, tu, vos, is, ei
chapter 8 vocabulary quiz
Go to this link when instructed:
chapter 8 vocabulary quiz
English to Latin Vocabulary Quiz
Verb Forms Quiz
chapter 8 vocabulary quiz
English to Latin Vocabulary Quiz
Verb Forms Quiz